The link between cancer and nutrition has been discussed for some time. Cancer has been predicted to be the leading cause of death in the very near future. Establishing the link between cancer and nutrition is difficult due to the different characteristics each cancer exhibits. However, in some countries, a high intake of red meat was linked to colorectal cancer but fibre intake was not recorded which would have a direct impact on cancer prevention. We know that a lack of fibre in the diet can increase the risk of developing specific cancers. Therefore, red meat is not likely a cause of cancer but the imbalance between other nutrients may be a significant factor. To keep up to date with the most recent information on cancer then please visit: https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/
Cancer is a complicated disease caused by various interactions between genes and the environment, and it is one of the world’s leading causes of mortality (Mattox, 2017). In short, cancer is a collection of over a hundred diseases that begin to develop over sometime in an uncontrolled division of the cells within the human body.
Nutrition and metabolic changes such as malnutrition, sarcopenia and cachexia can impact the survival and recovery of those living with cancer (Denmark-Wahnefried, 2001). In my experience, malnutrition is one of the most significant factors when working with people living with cancer. Research tells us that malnutrition stems from an inflammatory response that promotes conditions such as anorexia and rapid weight loss (Wigmore et al., 1997). Previous research also indicates that between 40-80% of people living with cancer will be malnourished, which leads to poorer treatment outcomes, slower wound healing, decreased muscle function and a greater risk of post-operative complications (Ravasco, 2019). Alongside malnutrition, someone living with cancer may experience severe or rapid decreases in muscle mass (Sarcopenia), leading to a significant loss in strength and movement functionality, decreasing quality of life (Mantzorou et al., 2017). However, it is essential to note that this can occur in obese individuals living with cancer but is very much overlooked. Both malnutrition and Sarcopenia can work in equilibrium, but treatment choices will also significantly influence individual responses to cancer. Moreover, the type of cancer will be a factor, and some cancers (e.g. Oesophageal cancer) can make it difficult for an individual ability to swallow (Dysphagia).
To combat nutritional deficiency in those living with cancer, we must first understand the type of cancer as different cancers require a tailored approach to nutritional intervention. Adequate and proper nutrition can alleviate cancer-related symptoms increase survival rates and be a successful cancer treatment hallmark. Unfortunately, there is no nutritional strategy that can be applied to cancer due to the multifaceted effects cancer has on people. However, working with a performance nutritionist can be a game-changer and really make you feel better during and after your cancer treatment. For example, ensuring you meet the energy demands of your treatment could alleviate many symptoms. The general advice is straightforward, and you have probably heard it so many times. However, it is still essential to eat a balanced diet of protein, carbohydrates and fat which aims to reach the energy demands in cancer patients. Supplementation could be an option and is worth discussing with your practitioners should you feel that you need to supplement within your diet.
Do your research and remember there is no such thing as a superfood that can alleviate all your symptoms. Aim to meet those energy demands to prevent malnutrition and sarcopenia, which can negatively impact your quality of life. Feel free to pick up the phone or email me with any questions, and I can point you in the right direction.
Sources
Mattox, T. W. (2017). Cancer cachexia: cause, diagnosis, and treatment. Nutrition in Clinical Practice, 32(5), 599-606.
Demark-Wahnefried, W., Peterson, B. L., Winer, E. P., Marks, L., Aziz, N., Marcom, P. K., … & Rimer, B. K. (2001). Changes in weight, body composition, and factors influencing energy balance among premenopausal breast cancer patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy. Journal of clinical oncology, 19(9), 2381-2389.
Wigmore, S. J., Plester, C. E., Ross, J. A., & Fearon, K. C. H. (1997). Contribution of anorexia and hypermetabolism to weight loss in anicteric patients with pancreatic cancer. Journal of British Surgery, 84(2), 196-197.
Ravasco, P. (2019). Nutrition in cancer patients. Journal of clinical medicine, 8(8), 1211.
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